The Exporters’ Pocketbook
Uploaded by palma on Oct 09, 2000
Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites
I. The Export Transaction and its Documents
The Transaction
Finding a market for the goods (market research)
Selecting the marketing channels
Negotiations
Pricing
Distribution channels
Order
Contract
Commercial Invoice
Commercial Invoice must include (minimum):
Payment Terms
Mode of Payment
Division of Costs
Details of Carrier
Details of Receiving Party
Details of Buyer
Other Details
For best results use the ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) Standard Commercial Invoice
Packing List must include (minimum):
Contents of the Packaging (=of the shipment)
If more than one package or outer and inner packing – all contents per each packing and per each package must be detailed separately
Permits and Licenses
Export licenses if needed
Standards certificates
Labeling
Quality control certificates (highest is ISO, such as ISO-9002 or ISO-9000)
Health and phytosanitary certificates
Veterinary certificates
Other permits, licenses and certificates
Service Providers
Marine Transport
Air Transport
Land Transport (lorry, train)
Insurance
Warehousing
Banking and other Financial Services (factoring, forfeiting, etc.)
Airway Bill of Lading (ABL)
(More details later – see appendices for samples)
Holder of ABL does not own goods
Air Transport Contract not effected – but ABL proof of existence of such contract, including weight, measurements, number of packages and invoice.
Marine Bill of Lading (MBL)
Proof of receipt of goods in a certain condition
Proof of existence of transport contract
MBL facilitates the transfer of ownership
Negotiable, transferable and assignable
Subject to the Hague conditions and MUST INCLUDE:
Name and address of sender
Port of loading and Port of discharge
Date of lading and place of issuance of bill of lading
Name of vessel and number of voyage
Identity marks of cargo
Description of goods – number of packing units, weight, volume
Condition of goods – statement of carrier (if not stated – the goods are in good condition)
“Clean on Board” not “Foul”
Types of Bills of Lading (BL)
Shipped BL – Goods are on deck of ship
Received for Shipment – Prior to loading onto ship
Direct BL – From origin to destination, transshipment not allowed
Ocean Through BL – In case of transit involving a few carriers. In such a case, each carrier imposes its own conditions on each leg of the voyage and for the limited duration it handles the cargo.
Pure Through BL – First carrier must transport from port of loading to a mid-point and is responsible for...