IB history chapter 10 outline, out of many
Uploaded by murty on Mar 02, 2004
Chapter 10
I. The New Democratic Politics in North America
A. Continental Struggles Over Popular Rights
1. In 1821, Mexico achieved independence from Spain
2. Spanish rule left a legacy of social divide
3. the constitution of 1824, closely modeled to the U.S. constitution, crated a federal republic but continued a powerful political role for the Catholic Church and granted the president extraordinary powers in times of emergency
4. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana: strongest of the early president; saved Mexico from Spanish invasion; overthrow an unpopular dictatorship
5. the independence of Haiti in 1804 set the pattern for events in many other Caribbean islands in subsequent years
a. destroyed the sugar industry
b. revolts
c. abolition of slavery
d. loss of local political autonomy
e. economic collapse
6. the economic collapse following emancipation destroyed political authority of white elites
7. in 1837, both upper and lower Canada rebelled against the limited representative government that the British government had imposed in the Constitutional Act of 1791
8. Most serious revolts occurred in French Lower Canada; British government refused to recognize the French-Canadian demand for their own political voice
9. 1840: Britain abolished government of lower Canada and joined it to Upper Canada; opposed by French Canadians; purpose of the union was to “abandon their vain hopes of nationality”
10. in 1850’s the U.S. foundered on sectional differences that not even political democracy could reconcile
B. The Expansion and Limits of Suffrage
1. before 1800- limited voters (less than ½ the male population)
2. wealthy held political power until 1825 when the “Virginia Dynasty” of presidents (Jefferson, Madison, Monroe) served
3. Westward expansion changed nature of American politics; mobility promoted change by undermining traditional authority structures in the older states
4. rapid western expansion bolstered national pride
5. nine new states west of the Appalachians offered their political perspective
6. westerners, as a whole, shared common concerns and attitudes
7. new western states extended the right to vote to all white males over the age of 21
8. Kentucky: universal manhood suffrage
9. Tennessee and Ohio: low taxpayer qualification by 1820, most of the older states followed suit
10. Jeffersonian Republicans achieved suffrage for all men who paid taxes or served in the militia (nearly everyone) in 1817 (Connecticut)
11. South Carolina: redistribution of power in 1808; led to demand for suffrage which became low in 1810
12. “laggards” (Rhode Island, Virginia, Louisiana) didn’t liberate their voting qualifications until later- but by 1840, more than 90% of adult white males in the nation could vote; presidential electors were now elected by direct vote
13. universal white manhood suffrage was far from true universal suffrage; voting remained barred to most of the nation’s free African American males...